Subpart G--Airline Transport Pilots
 
 

Sec. 61.151   Applicability.

This subpart prescribes the requirements for the issuance of airline
transport pilot certificates and ratings, the conditions under which those
certificates and ratings are necessary, and the general operating rules for
persons who hold those certificates and ratings.
 
 
 

Sec. 61.153   Eligibility requirements: General.

To be eligible for an airline transport pilot certificate, a person must:
(a) Be at least 23 years of age;
(b) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. If
the applicant is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical
reasons, then the Administrator may place such operating limitations on that
applicant's pilot certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of the
aircraft;
(c) Be of good moral character;
(d) Meet at least one of the following requirements:
(1) Hold at least a commercial pilot certificate and an instrument rating;
(2) Meet the military experience requirements under Sec. 61.73 of this part
to qualify for a commercial pilot certificate, and an instrument rating if
the person is a rated military pilot or former rated military pilot of an
Armed Force of the United States; or
(3) Hold either a foreign airline transport pilot or foreign commercial
pilot license and an instrument rating, without limitations issued by a
contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation.
(e) Meet the aeronautical experience requirements of this subpart that
apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought before applying for
the practical test;
(f) Pass a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of Sec.
61.155(c) of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating
sought;
(g) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation listed in Sec.
61.157(e) of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating
sought; and
(h) Comply with the sections of this part that apply to the aircraft
category and class rating sought.

[Amdt. 61-102, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40905, July 30,
1997]
 
 
 
 
 

Sec. 61.155   Aeronautical knowledge.

(a) General. The knowledge test for an airline transport pilot certificate
is based on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in paragraph (c) of this
section that are appropriate to the aircraft category and class rating
sought.
(b) Aircraft type rating. A person who is applying for an additional
aircraft type rating to be added to an airline transport pilot certificate is
not required to pass a knowledge test if that person's airline transport
pilot certificate lists the aircraft category and class rating that is
appropriate to the type rating sought.
(c) Aeronautical knowledge areas. (1) Applicable Federal Aviation
Regulations of this chapter that relate to airline transport pilot
privileges, limitations, and flight operations;
(2) Meteorology, including knowledge of and effects of fronts, frontal
characteristics, cloud formations, icing, and upper-air data;
(3) General system of weather and NOTAM collection, dissemination,
interpretation, and use;
(4) Interpretation and use of weather charts, maps, forecasts, sequence
reports, abbreviations, and symbols;
(5) National Weather Service functions as they pertain to operations in the
National Airspace System;
(6) Windshear and microburst awareness, identification, and avoidance;
(7) Principles of air navigation under instrument meteorological conditions
in the National Airspace System;
(8) Air traffic control procedures and pilot responsibilities as they
relate to en route operations, terminal area and radar operations, and
instrument departure and approach procedures;
(9) Aircraft loading, weight and balance, use of charts, graphs, tables,
formulas, and computations, and their effect on aircraft performance;
(10) Aerodynamics relating to an aircraft's flight characteristics and
performance in normal and abnormal flight regimes;
(11) Human factors;
(12) Aeronautical decision making and judgment; and
(13) Crew resource management to include crew communication and
coordination.
 
 
 

Sec. 61.157   Flight proficiency.

(a) General. (1) The practical test for an airline transport pilot
certificate is given for--
(i) An airplane category and single-engine class rating;
(ii) An airplane category and multiengine class rating;
(iii) A rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating;
(iv) A powered-lift category rating; and
(v) An aircraft type rating for the category and class ratings listed in
paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (a)(1)(iv) of this section.
(2) A person who is applying for an airline transport pilot practical test
must meet--
(i) The eligibility requirements of Sec. 61.153 of this part; and
(ii) The aeronautical knowledge and aeronautical experience requirements of
this subpart that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.
(b) Aircraft type rating. Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this
section, a person who is applying for an aircraft type rating to be added to
an airline transport pilot certificate:
(1) Must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized
instructor on the areas of operation in this section that apply to the
aircraft type rating sought;
(2) Must receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor
certifying that the applicant completed the training on the areas of
operation listed in paragraph (e) of this section that apply to the aircraft
type rating sought; and
(3) Must perform the practical test in actual or simulated instrument
conditions, unless the aircraft's type certificate makes the aircraft
incapable of operating under instrument flight rules. If the practical test
cannot be accomplished for this reason, the person may obtain a type rating
limited to "VFR only." The "VFR only" limitation may be removed for that
aircraft type when the person passes the practical test in actual or
simulated instrument conditions.
(c) Exceptions. A person who is applying for an aircraft type rating to
be added to an airline transport pilot certificate or an aircraft type rating
concurrently with an airline transport pilot certificate, and who is an
employee of a certificate holder operating under part 121 or part 135 of this
chapter, need not comply with the requirements of paragraph (b) of this
section if the applicant presents a training record that shows satisfactory
completion of that certificate holder's approved pilot-in-command training
program for the aircraft type rating sought.
(d) Upgrading type ratings. Any type rating(s) on the pilot certificate
of an applicant who successfully completes an airline transport pilot
practical test shall be included on the airline transport pilot certificate
with the privileges and limitations of the airline transport pilot
certificate, provided the applicant passes the practical test in the same
category and class of aircraft for which the applicant holds the type
rating(s). However, if a type rating for that category and class of aircraft
on the superseded pilot certificate is limited to VFR, that limitation shall
be carried forward to the person's airline transport pilot certificate level.
(e) Areas of operation. (1) For an airplane category--single-engine class
rating: (i) Preflight preparation;
(ii) Preflight procedures;
(iii) Takeoff and departure phase;
(iv) In-flight maneuvers;
(v) Instrument procedures;
(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;
(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;
(viii) Emergency procedures; and
(ix) Postflight procedures.
(2) For an airplane category--multiengine class rating: (i) Preflight
preparation;
(ii) Preflight procedures;
(iii) Takeoff and departure phase;
(iv) In-flight maneuvers;
(v) Instrument procedures;
(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;
(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;
(viii) Emergency procedures; and
(ix) Postflight procedures.
(3) For a powered-lift category rating: (i) Preflight preparation;
(ii) Preflight procedures;
(iii) Takeoff and departure phase;
(iv) In-flight maneuvers;
(v) Instrument procedures;
(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;
(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;
(viii) Emergency procedures; and
(ix) Postflight procedures.
(4) For a rotorcraft category--helicopter class rating: (i) Preflight
preparation;
(ii) Preflight procedures;
(iii) Takeoff and departure phase;
(iv) In-flight maneuvers;
(v) Instrument procedures;
(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;
(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;
(viii) Emergency procedures; and
(ix) Postflight procedures.
(f) Proficiency and competency checks conducted under part 121 or part 135.
(1) Successful completion of a pilot-in-command proficiency check under Sec.
121.441 of this chapter or successful completion of both a competency check,
under Sec. 135.293 of this chapter, and a pilot-in-command instrument
proficiency check, under Sec. 135.297 of this chapter, satisfies the
requirements of this section for the appropriate aircraft rating.
(2) The checks specified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section must be
conducted by an authorized designated pilot examiner or FAA aviation safety
inspector.
(g) Use of a flight simulator or flight training device for an airplane
rating. If a flight simulator or flight training device is used for
accomplishing all of the training and the required practical test for an
airplane transport pilot certificate with an airplane category, class, and
type rating, if applicable, the applicant, flight simulator, and flight
training device are subject to the following requirements:
(1) The flight simulator and flight training device must represent that
airplane type if the rating involves a type rating in an airplane, or is
representative of an airplane if the applicant is only seeking an airplane
class rating and does not require a type rating.
(2) The flight simulator and flight training device must be used in
accordance with an approved course at a training center certificated under
part 142 of this chapter.
(3) All training and testing (except preflight inspection) must be
accomplished by the applicant to receive an airplane class rating and type
rating, if applicable, without limitations and--
(i) The flight simulator must be qualified and approved as Level C or
Level D; and
(ii) The applicant must meet the aeronautical experience requirements of
Sec. 61.159 of this part and at least one of the following--
(A) Hold a type rating for a turbojet airplane of the same class of
airplane for which the type rating is sought, or have been designated by a
military service as a pilot in command of an airplane of the same class of
airplane for which the type rating is sought, if a turbojet type rating is
sought;
(B) Hold a type rating for a turbopropeller airplane of the same class as
the airplane for which the type rating is sought, or have been appointed by a
military service as a pilot in command of an airplane of the same class of
airplane for which the type rating is sought, if a turbopropeller airplane
type rating is sought;
(C) Have at least 2,000 hours of flight time, of which 500 hours must be in
turbine-powered airplanes of the same class as the airplane for which the
type rating is sought;
(D) Have at least 500 hours of flight time in the same type of airplane as
the airplane for which the type rating is sought; or
(E) Have at least 1,000 hours of flight time in at least two different
airplanes requiring a type rating.
(4) Subject to the limitation of paragraph (g)(5) of this section, an
applicant who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (g)(3) of this
section may complete all training and testing (except for preflight
inspection) for an additional rating if--
(i) The flight simulator is qualified and approved as Level C or Level D;
and
(ii) The applicant meets the aeronautical experience requirements of Sec.
61.159 of this part and at least one of the following--
(A) Holds a type rating in a propeller-driven airplane if a type rating in
a turbojet airplane is sought, or holds a type rating in a turbojet airplane
if a type rating in a propeller-driven airplane is sought;
(B) Since the beginning of the 12th calendar month before the month in
which the applicant completes the practical test for the additional rating,
has logged--
(1) At least 100 hours of flight time in airplanes in the same class as the
airplane for which the type rating is sought and which requires a type
rating; and
(2) At least 25 hours of flight time in airplanes of the same type for
which the type rating is sought.
(5) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph (g)(4)(ii)(A)
and (B) of this section will be issued an additional rating, or an airline
transport pilot certificate with an added rating, as applicable, with a
limitation. The limitation shall state: "This certificate is subject to
pilot-in-command limitations for the additional rating."
(6) An applicant who has been issued a certificate with the limitation
specified in paragraph (g)(5) of this section--
(i) May not act as pilot in command of the aircraft for which an additional
rating was obtained under the provisions of this section until the limitation
is removed from the certificate; and
(ii) May have the limitation removed by accomplishing 15 hours of
supervised operating experience as pilot in command under the supervision of
a qualified and current pilot in command, in the seat normally occupied by
the pilot in command, in an airplane of the same type for which the
limitation applies.
(7) An applicant who does not meet the requirements of paragraph
(g)(3)(ii)(A) through (E) or (g)(4)(ii)(A) and (B) of this section may be
issued an airline transport pilot certificate or an additional rating to that
pilot certificate after successful completion of one of the following
requirements--
(i) An approved course at a part 142 training center that includes all
training and testing for that certificate or rating, followed by training and
testing on the following tasks, which must be successfully completed on a
static airplane or in flight, as appropriate--
(A) Preflight inspection;
(B) Normal takeoff;
(C) Normal ILS approach;
(D) Missed approach; and
(E) Normal landing.
(ii) An approved course at a part 142 training center that complies with
paragraphs (g)(8) and (g)(9) of this section and includes all training and
testing for a certificate or rating.
(8) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph (g)(7)(ii) of
this section will be issued an additional rating or an airline transport
pilot certificate with an additional rating, as applicable, with a
limitation. The limitation shall state: "This certificate is subject to
pilot-in-command limitations for the additional rating."
(9) An applicant issued a pilot certificate with the limitation specified
in paragraph (g)(8) of this section--
(i) May not act as pilot in command of the aircraft for which an additional
rating was obtained under the provisions of this section until the limitation
is removed from the certificate; and
(ii) May have the limitation removed by accomplishing 25 hours of
supervised operating experience as pilot in command under the supervision of
a qualified and current pilot in command, in the seat normally occupied by
the pilot in command, in an airplane of the same type for which the
limitation applies.
(h) Use of a flight simulator or flight training device for a helicopter
rating. If a flight simulator or flight training device is used for
accomplishing all of the training and the required practical test for an
airline transport pilot certificate with a helicopter class rating and type
rating, if applicable, the applicant, flight simulator, and flight training
device are subject to the following requirements:
(1) The flight simulator and flight training device must represent that
helicopter type if the rating involves a type rating in a helicopter, or is
representative of a helicopter if the applicant is only seeking a helicopter
class rating and does not require a type rating.
(2) The flight simulator and flight training device must be used in
accordance with an approved course at a training center certificated under
part 142 of this chapter.
(3) All training and testing requirements (except preflight inspection)
must be accomplished by the applicant to receive a helicopter class rating
and type rating, if applicable, without limitations and--
(i) The flight simulator must be qualified and approved as a Level C or
Level D; and
(ii) The applicant must meet the aeronautical experience requirements of
Sec. 61.161 of this part and at least one of the following--
(A) Hold a type rating for a turbine-powered helicopter, or have been
designated by a military service as a pilot in command of a turbine-powered
helicopter, if a turbine-powered helicopter type rating is sought;
(B) Have at least 1,200 hours of flight time, of which 500 hours must be in
turbine-powered helicopters;
(C) Have at least 500 hours of flight time in the same type helicopter as
the helicopter for which the type rating is sought; or
(D) Have at least 1,000 hours of flight time in at least two different
helicopters requiring a type rating.
(4) Subject to the limitation of paragraph (h)(5) of this section, an
applicant who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (h)(3) of this
section may complete all training and testing (except for preflight
inspection) for an additional rating if--
(i) The flight simulator is qualified and approved as Level C or Level D;
and
(ii) The applicant meets the aeronautical experience requirements of Sec.
61.161 of this part and, since the beginning of the 12th calendar month
before the month in which the applicant completes the practical test for the
additional rating, has logged--
(A) At least 100 hours of flight time in helicopters; and
(B) At least 15 hours of flight time in helicopters of the same type of
helicopter for which the type rating is sought.
(5) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph (h)(4)(ii) (A)
and (B) of this section will be issued an additional rating or an airline
transport pilot certificate with a limitation. The limitation shall state:
"This certificate is subject to pilot-in-command limitations for the
additional rating."
(6) An applicant who has been issued a certificate with the limitation
specified in paragraph (h)(5) of this section--
(i) May not act as pilot in command of the helicopter for which an
additional rating was obtained under the provisions of this section until the
limitation is removed from the certificate; and
(ii) May have the limitation removed by accomplishing 15 hours of
supervised operating experience as pilot in command under the supervision of
a qualified and current pilot in command, in the seat normally occupied by
the pilot in command, in a helicopter of the same type for which the
limitation applies.
(7) An applicant who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (h)(3)(ii)
(A) through (D), or (h)(4)(ii) (A) and (B) of this section may be issued an
airline transport pilot certificate or an additional rating to that pilot
certificate after successful completion of one of the following
requirements--
(i) An approved course at a part 142 training center that includes all
training and testing for that certificate or rating, followed by training and
testing on the following tasks, which must be successfully completed on a
static aircraft or in flight, as appropriate--
(A) Preflight inspection;
(B) Normal takeoff from a hover;
(C) Manually flown precision approach; and
(D) Steep approach and landing to an off-airport heliport; or
(ii) An approved course at a training center that includes all training and
testing for that certificate or rating and compliance with paragraphs (h)(8)
and (h)(9) of this section.
(8) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph (h)(7)(ii) of
this section will be issued an additional rating or an airline transport
pilot certificate with an additional rating, as applicable, with a
limitation. The limitation shall state: "This certificate is subject to
pilot-in-command limitations for the additional rating."
(9) An applicant issued a certificate with the limitation specified in
paragraph (h)(8) of this section--
(i) May not act as pilot in command of the aircraft for which an additional
rating was obtained under the provisions of this section until the limitation
is removed from the certificate; and
(ii) May have the limitation removed by accomplishing 25 hours of
supervised operating experience as pilot in command under the supervision of
a qualified and current pilot in command, in the seat normally occupied by
the pilot in command, in an aircraft of the same type for which the
limitation applies.
(i) Use of a flight simulator or flight training device for a powered-lift
rating. If a flight simulator or flight training device is used for
accomplishing all of the training and the required practical test for an
airline transport pilot certificate with a powered-lift category rating and
type rating, if applicable, the applicant, flight simulator, and flight
training device are subject to the following requirements:
(1) The flight simulator and flight training device must represent that
powered-lift type, if the rating involves a type rating in a powered-lift, or
is representative of a powered-lift if the applicant is only seeking a
powered-lift category rating and does not require a type rating.
(2) The flight simulator and flight training device must be used in
accordance with an approved course at a training center certificated under
part 142 of this chapter.
(3) All training and testing requirements (except preflight inspection)
must be accomplished by the applicant to receive a powered-lift category
rating and type rating, if applicable, without limitations; and--
(i) The flight simulator must be qualified and approved as Level C or
Level D; and
(ii) The applicant must meet the aeronautical experience requirements of
Sec. 61.163 of this part and at least one of the following--
(A) Hold a type rating for a turbine-powered powered-lift, or have been
designated by a military service as a pilot in command of a turbine-powered
powered-lift, if a turbine-powered powered-lift type rating is sought;
(B) Have at least 1,200 hours of flight time, of which 500 hours must be in
turbine-powered powered-lifts;
(C) Have at least 500 hours of flight time in the same type of powered-lift
for which the type rating is sought; or
(D) Have at least 1,000 hours of flight time in at least two different
powered-lifts requiring a type rating.
(4) Subject to the limitation of paragraph (i)(5) of this section, an
applicant who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (i)(3) of this
section may complete all training and testing (except for preflight
inspection) for an additional rating if--
(i) The flight simulator is qualified and approved as Level C or Level D;
and
(ii) The applicant meets the aeronautical experience requirements of Sec.
61.163 of this part and, since the beginning of the 12th calendar month
before the month in which the applicant completes the practical test for the
additional rating, has logged--
(A) At least 100 hours of flight time in powered-lifts; and
(B) At least 15 hours of flight time in powered-lifts of the same type of
powered-lift for the type rating sought.
(5) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph (i)(4)(ii) (A)
and (B) of this section will be issued an additional rating or an airline
transport pilot certificate with a limitation. The limitation shall state:
"This certificate is subject to pilot-in-command limitations for the
additional rating."
(6) An applicant who has been issued a certificate with the limitation
specified in paragraph (i)(5) of this section--
(i) May not act as pilot in command of the powered-lift for which an
additional rating was obtained under the provisions of this section until the
limitation is removed from the certificate; and
(ii) May have the limitation removed by accomplishing 15 hours of
supervised operating experience as pilot in command under the supervision of
a qualified and current pilot in command, in the seat normally occupied by
the pilot in command, in a powered-lift of the same type for which the
limitation applies.
(7) An applicant who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (i)(3)(ii)
(A) through (D) or (i)(4)(ii) (A) and (B) of this section may be issued an
airline transport pilot certificate or an additional rating to that pilot
certificate after successful completion of one of the following
requirements--
(i) An approved course at a part 142 training center that includes all
training and testing for that certificate or rating, followed by training and
testing on the following tasks, which must be successfully completed on a
static aircraft or in flight, as appropriate--
(A) Preflight inspection;
(B) Normal takeoff from a hover;
(C) Manually flown precision approach; and
(D) Steep approach and landing to an off-airport site; or
(ii) An approved course at a training center that includes all training and
testing for that certificate or rating and is in compliance with paragraphs
(i)(8) and (i)(9) of this section.
(8) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph (i)(7)(ii) of
this section will be issued an additional rating or an airline transport
pilot certificate with an additional rating, as applicable, with a
limitation. The limitation shall state: "This certificate is subject to
pilot-in-command limitations for the additional rating."
(9) An applicant issued a pilot certificate with the limitation specified
in paragraph (i)(8) of this section--
(i) May not act as pilot in command of the aircraft for which an additional
rating was obtained under the provisions of this section until the limitation
is removed from the certificate; and
(ii) May have the limitation removed by accomplishing 25 hours of
supervised operating experience as pilot in command under the supervision of
a qualified and current pilot in command, in the seat normally occupied by
the pilot in command, in a powered-lift of the same type for which the
limitation applies.
(j) Waiver authority. Unless the Administrator requires certain or all
tasks to be performed, the examiner who conducts the practical test for an
airline transport pilot certificate may waive any of the tasks for which the
Administrator approves waiver authority.

[Amdt. 61-102, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40905, July 30,
1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20288, Apr. 23, 1998]
 
 
 
 

Sec. 61.158   [Reserved.]
 
 
 

Sec. 61.159   Aeronautical experience: Airplane category rating.

(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section, a
person who is applying for an airline transport pilot certificate with an
airplane category and class rating must have at least 1,500 hours of total
time as a pilot that includes at least:
(1) 500 hours of cross-country flight time.
(2) 100 hours of night flight time.
(3) 75 hours of instrument flight time, in actual or simulated instrument
conditions, subject to the following:
(i) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(3)(ii) of this section, an
applicant may not receive credit for more than a total of 25 hours of
simulated instrument time in a flight simulator or flight training device.
(ii) A maximum of 50 hours of training in a flight simulator or flight
training device may be credited toward the instrument flight time
requirements of paragraph (a)(3) of this section if the training was
accomplished in a course conducted by a training center certificated under
part 142 of this chapter.
(iii) Training in a flight simulator or flight training device must be
accomplished in a flight simulator or flight training device, representing an
airplane.
(4) 250 hours of flight time in an airplane as a pilot in command, or as
second in command performing the duties of pilot in command while under the
supervision of a pilot in command, or any combination thereof, which includes
at least--
(i) 100 hours of cross-country flight time; and
(ii) 25 hours of night flight time.
(5) Not more than 100 hours of the total aeronautical experience
requirements of paragraph (a) of this section may be obtained in a flight
simulator or flight training device that represents an airplane, provided the
aeronautical experience was obtained in an approved course conducted by a
training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.
(b) A person who has performed at least 20 night takeoffs and landings to a
full stop may substitute each additional night takeoff and landing to a full
stop for 1 hour of night flight time to satisfy the requirements of paragraph
(a)(2) of this section; however, not more than 25 hours of night flight time
may be credited in this manner.
(c) A commercial pilot may credit the following second-in-command flight
time or flight-engineer flight time toward the 1,500 hours of total time as a
pilot required by paragraph (a) of this section:
(1) Second-in-command time, provided the time is acquired in an airplane--
(i) Required to have more than one pilot fligh crewmember by the airplane's
flight manual, type certificate, or the regulations under which the flight is
being conducted;
(ii) Engaged in operations under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter for
which a second in command is required; or
(iii) That is required by the operating rules of this chapter to have more
than one pilot flight crewmember.
(2) Flight-engineer time, provided the time--
(i) Is acquired in an airplane required to have a flight engineer by the
airplane's flight manual or type certificate;
(ii) Is acquired while engaged in operations under part 121 of this chapter
for which a flight engineer is required;
(iii) Is acquired while the person is participating in a pilot training
program approved under part 121 of this chapter; and
(iv) Does not exceed more than 1 hour for each 3 hours of flight engineer
flight time for a total credited time of no more than 500 hours.
(d) An applicant may be issued an airline transport pilot certificate with
the endorsement, "Holder does not meet the pilot in command aeronautical
experience requirements of ICAO," as prescribed by Article 39 of the
Convention on International Civil Aviation, if the applicant:
(1) Credits second-in-command or flight-engineer time under paragraph (c)
of this section toward the 1,500 hours total flight time requirement of
paragraph (a) of this section;
(2) Does not have at least 1,200 hours of flight time as a pilot, including
no more than 50 percent of his or her second-in-command time and none of his
or her flight-engineer time; and
(3) Otherwise meets the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section.
(e) When the applicant specified in paragraph (d) of this section presents
satisfactory evidence of the accumulation of 1,200 hours of flight time as a
pilot including no more than 50 percent of his or her second-in-command
flight time and none of his or her flight-engineer time, the applicant is
entitled to an airline transport pilot certificate without the endorsement
prescribed in that paragraph.

[Amdt. 61-102, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40906, July 30,
1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20288, Apr. 23, 1998]
 
 
 

Sec. 61.161   Aeronautical experience: Rotorcraft category and helicopter
class rating.

(a) A person who is applying for an airline transport pilot certificate
with a rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating, must have at least
1,200 hours of total time as a pilot that includes at least:
(1) 500 hours of cross-country flight time;
(2) 100 hours of night flight time, of which 15 hours are in helicopters;
(3) 200 hours of flight time in helicopters, which includes at least 75
hours as a pilot in command, or as second in command performing the duties of
a pilot in command under the supervision of a pilot in command, or any
combination thereof; and
(4) 75 hours of instrument flight time in actual or simulated instrument
meteorological conditions, of which at least 50 hours are obtained in flight
with at least 25 hours in helicopters as a pilot in command, or as second in
command performing the duties of a pilot in command under the supervision of
a pilot in command, or any combination thereof.
(b) Training in a flight simulator or flight training device may be
credited toward the instrument flight time requirements of paragraph (a)(4)
of this section, subject to the following:
(1) Training in a flight simulator or a flight training device must be
accomplished in a flight simulator or flight training device that represents
a rotorcraft.
(2) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, an applicant
may receive credit for not more than a total of 25 hours of simulated
instrument time in a flight simulator and flight training device.
(3) A maximum of 50 hours of training in a flight simulator or flight
training device may be credited toward the instrument flight time
requirements of paragraph (a)(4) of this section if the aeronautical
experience is accomplished in an approved course conducted by a training
center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.

[Amdt. 61-102, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40906, July 30,
1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20289, Apr. 23, 1998]
 
 
 
 

Sec. 61.163   Aeronautical experience: Powered-lift category rating.

(a) A person who is applying for an airline transport pilot certificate
with a powered-lift category rating must have at least 1,500 hours of total
time as a pilot that includes at least:
(1) 500 hours of cross-country flight time;
(2) 100 hours of night flight time;
(3) 250 hours in a powered-lift as a pilot in command, or as a second in
command performing the duties of a pilot in command under the supervision of
a pilot in command, or any combination thereof, which includes at least--
(i) 100 hours of cross-country flight time; and
(ii) 25 hours of night flight time.
(4) 75 hours of instrument flight time in actual or simulated instrument
conditions, subject to the following:
(i) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section, an
applicant may not receive credit for more than a total of 25 hours of
simulated instrument time in a flight simulator or flight training device.
(ii) A maximum of 50 hours of training in a flight simulator or flight
training device may be credited toward the instrument flight time
requirements of paragraph (a)(4) of this section if the training was
accomplished in a course conducted by a training center certificated under
part 142 of this chapter.
(iii) Training in a flight simulator or flight training device must be
accomplished in a flight simulator or flight training device that represents
a powered-lift.
(b) Not more than 100 hours of the total aeronautical experience
requirements of paragraph (a) of this section may be obtained in a flight
simulator or flight training device that represents a powered-lift, provided
the aeronautical experience was obtained in an approved course conducted by a
training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.

[Amdt. 61-102, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40906, July 30,
1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20289, Apr. 23, 1998]
 
 
 
 

Sec. 61.165   Additional aircraft category and class ratings.

(a) Rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating. A person applying for
an airline transport certificate with a rotorcraft category and helicopter
class rating who holds an airline transport pilot certificate with another
aircraft category rating must:
(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of Sec. 61.153 of this part;
(2) Pass a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of Sec.
61.155(c) of this part;
(3) Comply with the requirements in Sec. 61.157(b) of this part, if
appropriate;
(4) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of Sec. 61.161
of this part; and
(5) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation of Sec. 61.157(e)(4)
of this part.
(b) Airplane category rating with a single-engine class rating. A person
applying for an airline transport certificate with an airplane category and
single-engine class rating who holds an airline transport pilot certificate
with another aircraft category rating must:
(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of Sec. 61.153 of this part;
(2) Pass a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of Sec.
61.155(c) of this part;
(3) Comply with the requirements in Sec. 61.157(b) of this part, if
appropriate;
(4) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of Sec. 61.159
of this part; and
(5) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation of Sec. 61.157(e)(1)
of this part.
(c) Airplane category rating with a multiengine class rating. A person
applying for an airline transport certificate with an airplane category and
multiengine class rating who holds an airline transport certificate with
another aircraft category rating must:
(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of Sec. 61.153 of this part;
(2) Pass a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of Sec.
61.155(c) of this part;
(3) Comply with the requirements in Sec. 61.157(b) of this part, if
appropriate;
(4) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of Sec. 61.159
of this part; and
(5) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation of Sec. 61.157(e)(2)
of this part.
(d) Powered-lift category. A person applying for an airline transport pilot
certificate with a powered-lift category rating who holds an airline
transport certificate with another aircraft category rating must:
(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of Sec. 61.153 of this part;
(2) Pass a required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of
Sec. 61.155(c) of this part;
(3) Comply with the requirements in Sec. 61.157(b) of this part, if
appropriate;
(4) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of Sec. 61.163
of this part; and
(5) Pass the required practical test on the areas of operation of Sec.
61.157(e)(3) of this part.
(e) Additional class rating within the same aircraft category. A person
applying for an airline transport certificate with an additional class rating
who holds an airline transport certificate in the same aircraft category
must--
(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of Sec. 61.153, except paragraph (f)
of that section;
(2) Comply with the requirements in Sec. 61.157(b) of this part, if
applicable;
(3) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of subpart G
of this part; and
(4) Pass a practical test on the areas of operation of Sec. 61.157(e)
appropriate to the aircraft rating sought.

[Amdt. 61-102, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40906, July 30,
1997, and amended at Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40906, July 30, 1997]
 
 
 

Sec. 61.167   Privileges.

(a) A person who holds an airline transport pilot certificate is entitled
to the same privileges as those afforded a person who holds a commercial
pilot certificate with an instrument rating.
(b) An airline transport pilot may instruct--
(1) Other pilots in air transportation service in aircraft of the category,
class, and type, as applicable, for which the airline transport pilot is
rated and endorse the logbook or other training record of the person to whom
training has been given;
(2) In flight simulators, and flight training devices representing the
aircraft referenced in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, when instructing
under the provisions of this section and endorse the logbook or other
training record of the person to whom training has been given;
(3) Only as provided in this section, unless the airline transport pilot
also holds a flight instructor certificate, in which case the holder may
exercise the instructor privileges of subpart H of part 61 for which he or
she is rated; and
(4) In an aircraft, only if the aircraft has functioning dual controls,
when instructing under the provisions of this section.
(c) Excluding briefings and debriefings, an airline transport pilot may not
instruct in aircraft, flight simulators, and flight training devices under
this section--
(1) For more than 8 hours in any 24-consecutive-hour period; or
(2) For more than 36 hours in any 7-consecutive-day period.
(d) An airline transport pilot may not instruct in Category II or Category
III operations unless he or she has been trained and successfully tested
under Category II or Category III operations, as applicable.

[Amdt. 61-102, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40907, July 30,
1997]
 
 
 

Secs. 61.169--61.171  [Reserved]

[Amdt. 61-102, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40907, July 30,
1997]